Summary
The Human Rights Index is a study that measures the performance of the state, as a duty bearer (duty bearer), in the protection, promotion, enforcement, and fulfillment of human rights in Indonesia. Â It is structured based on the categories of rights outlined in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, establishing 6 indicators for civil and political rights and 5 indicators for economic, social, and cultural rights, which are further broken down into 50 sub-indicators.
In the 2023 Human Rights Index, the average score for all variables was 3.2, a decrease of 0.1 from the previous year’s score of 3.3. The national average score was largely driven by indicators within the economic, social, and cultural (ESCR) rights variable, which achieved an average score of 3.3, with the right to education contributing the highest score at 4.4. Meanwhile, the fulfillment of the right to land remains at a score of 1.9.
In the category of civil and political rights (civil and political rights), the country scored a 3, with the indicator of freedom of expression and opinion contributing the lowest score—1.3—among all other indicators.
The fulfillment of land rights and the guarantee of freedom of expression and opinion are the areas where performance has been the worst during Jokowi’s leadership —which is nearing a decade. When comparing the national average scores since 2019, data from the SETARA Institute shows that Jokowi’s leadership has never reached a moderate score of 4 on a scale of 1 to 7. In 2019, the Human Rights Index score was 3.2; in 2020, it was 2.9; in 2021, it was 3; in 2022, it was 3.3; and in 2023, it has dropped again to 3.2.
