Overview of Incidents (2010)
In 2010, the SETARA Institute recorded 216 incidents of freedom of religion/belief violations, which encompassed 286 forms of action spread across 20 provinces. The five provinces with the highest violation rates were:
- West Java: 91 incidents
- East Java: 28 incidents
- Jakarta: 16 incidents
- North Sumatra: 15 incidents
- Central Java: 10 incidents
Monthly Breakdown
The highest number of incidents occurred in January and August, with 30 incidents each. The following months recorded:
- December: 26 incidents
- May: 20 incidents
- July: 17 incidents
- June: 16 incidents
- September: 15 incidents
- October and March: 11 incidents
- February: 9 incidents
- April: 8 incidents
State Involvement and Institutional Accountability
Out of the 286 forms of freedom of religion/belief violations, there were 103 state actions involving state administrators as actors. Of these 103 state actions:
- 79 actions were active actions (by commission). Included in these active state actions were provocative statements by public officials that invited violence (condoning).
- 24 actions were acts of omission (by omission).
For violations involving the state as an actor, the legal framework for accountability is human rights law, which binds the state due to its ratification of international human rights covenants and conventions.
The state institutions that committed the most violations were:
- Police: 56 actions
- Regents/Mayors (Bupati/Walikota): 19 actions
- Sub-district Heads (Camat): 17 actions
- Public Order Agency (Satpol PP): 13 actions
- Courts: 9 actions
- Ministry of Religious Affairs: 7 actions
- Military (TNI): 7 actions
- Minister of Religious Affairs: 6 actions
The rest were institutions with fewer than 6 actions.